Glencore PLC

GLEN.LSE · Basic Materials · Other Industrial Metals & Mining · GBX · Fundamentals
Heavy & stretched

Physical assets are 57.4% of total assets, a heavy footprint. Capex is 0.89x depreciation while free cash flow yield is positive, which can mean an aging base that is still throwing off cash. EBITDA after capex covers debt service by 0.27x, which is below 1.

Energy, materials, and industrial names often turn net PP&E at about 1x to 3x. This name is at 5.08x.

Physical asset ratio
57.4%Physical asset ratio · 2025-12-31(Net PP&E + inventory) / total assetsNet PP&EGBX 48.75BpropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetInventoryGBX 32.89BinventoryTotal assetsGBX 142.25BtotalAssetsResult 57.4%
Net PP&E plus inventory, divided by total assets. Above 50% is a heavy footprint.
Fixed asset turnover
5.08xFixed asset turnover · 2025-12-31Revenue / net PP&ERevenueGBX 247.54BtotalRevenueNet PP&EGBX 48.75BpropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetResult 5.08x
Revenue per dollar of the physical asset base.
Capex / D&A
0.89xCapex / D&A · 2025-12-31Capital expenditures / depreciation and amortizationCapexGBX 6.06BcapitalExpendituresD&AGBX 6.77BdepreciationAndAmortizationResult 0.89x
Above 1.0x means the physical base is being replaced or expanded.
Tangible book / share
GBX 2.31Tangible book / share · 2025-12-31(Total assets − goodwill − intangibles − liabilities) / sharesTotal assetsGBX 142.25BtotalAssetsGoodwillGBX 5.00BgoodWillIntangiblesGBX 770.28MintangibleAssetsLiabilitiesGBX 108.63BtotalLiabTangible bookGBX 27.85BShares12,061,048,000commonStockSharesOutstandingResult GBX 2.31
Assets minus goodwill, intangibles, and liabilities, per share.
Price / tangible book
225.01xPrice / tangible bookPrice / tangible book per sharePriceGBX 519.50Latest quoteTangible book / shareGBX 2.312025-12-31Result 225.01x
Price GBX 519.50.
Fixed-charge coverage
0.27xFixed-charge coverage · 2025-12-31(EBITDA − capex) / (interest + short-term debt)EBITDAGBX 10.52BebitdaCapexGBX 6.06BcapitalExpendituresInterestGBX 2.62BinterestExpenseShort-term debtGBX 13.85BshortLongTermDebtEBITDA − capexGBX 4.47BPrincipal due is the current portion of debt.Result 0.27x
EBITDA minus capex, divided by interest plus short-term debt.
FCF yield
0.6%Free cash flow yield · 2025-12-31Latest free cash flow / current market capFree cash flowGBX 395.12MfreeCashFlowMarket capGBX 60.88BMarketCapitalizationResult 0.6%
Latest free cash flow divided by current market cap (GBX 60.88B).
ROIC
2.2%ROIC · 2025-12-31Operating income × (1 − tax rate) / (equity + debt − cash)Operating incomeGBX 2.87BoperatingIncomeTax expenseGBX 205.22MincomeTaxExpensePretax incomeGBX 321.00MincomeBeforeTaxTax rate40.0%EquityGBX 38.87BtotalStockholderEquityDebtGBX 41.49BshortLongTermDebtTotalCashGBX 2.95BcashInvested capitalGBX 77.41BThe effective tax rate was above 40% and was capped at 40%.Result 2.2%
After-tax operating income over equity plus debt minus cash. Operating income / net PP&E is 0.06x.

Footprint and return

Turnover and reinvestment

Year Physical FAT Capex/D&A TBV/sh Coverage FCF ROIC EBIT/PP&E
2018 60.1%Physical asset ratio · 2018-12-31(Net PP&E + inventory) / total assetsNet PP&EGBX 56.77BpropertyPlantEquipmentInventoryGBX 20.56BinventoryTotal assetsGBX 128.67BtotalAssetsResult 60.1% 3.87xFixed asset turnover · 2018-12-31Revenue / net PP&ERevenueGBX 219.75BtotalRevenueNet PP&EGBX 56.77BpropertyPlantEquipmentResult 3.87x 0.74xCapex / D&A · 2018-12-31Capital expenditures / depreciation and amortizationCapexGBX 4.69BcapitalExpendituresD&AGBX 6.33BdepreciationAndAmortizationResult 0.74x GBX 2.69Tangible book / share · 2018-12-31(Total assets − goodwill − intangibles − liabilities) / sharesTotal assetsGBX 128.67BtotalAssetsGoodwillGBX 5.05BgoodWillIntangiblesGBX 1.92BintangibleAssetsLiabilitiesGBX 83.29BtotalLiabTangible bookGBX 38.41BShares14,253,527,000commonStockSharesOutstandingResult GBX 2.69 0.91xFixed-charge coverage · 2018-12-31(EBITDA − capex) / (interest + short-term debt)EBITDAGBX 14.00BebitdaCapexGBX 4.69BcapitalExpendituresInterestGBX 1.74BinterestExpenseShort-term debtGBX 8.46BshortLongTermDebtEBITDA − capexGBX 9.31BPrincipal due is the current portion of debt.Result 0.91x GBX 6.87BFree cash flow · 2018-12-31Reported free cash flowOperating cash flowGBX 11.56BtotalCashFromOperatingActivitiesCapexGBX 4.69BcapitalExpendituresFree cash flowGBX 6.87BfreeCashFlowFree cash flow is the amount reported on the cash-flow statement.Result GBX 6.87B 4.0%ROIC · 2018-12-31Operating income × (1 − tax rate) / (equity + debt − cash)Operating incomeGBX 5.21BoperatingIncomeTax expenseGBX 2.06BincomeTaxExpensePretax incomeGBX 4.68BincomeBeforeTaxTax rate40.0%EquityGBX 45.74BtotalStockholderEquityDebtGBX 34.99BshortLongTermDebtTotalCashGBX 2.05BcashAndEquivalentsInvested capitalGBX 78.69BThe effective tax rate was above 40% and was capped at 40%.Result 4.0% 0.09xEBIT / PP&E · 2018-12-31Operating income / net PP&EOperating incomeGBX 5.21BoperatingIncomeNet PP&EGBX 56.77BpropertyPlantEquipmentResult 0.09x
2019 60.7%Physical asset ratio · 2019-12-31(Net PP&E + inventory) / total assetsNet PP&EGBX 55.36BpropertyPlantEquipmentInventoryGBX 19.94BinventoryTotal assetsGBX 124.08BtotalAssetsResult 60.7% 3.89xFixed asset turnover · 2019-12-31Revenue / net PP&ERevenueGBX 215.11BtotalRevenueNet PP&EGBX 55.36BpropertyPlantEquipmentResult 3.89x 0.66xCapex / D&A · 2019-12-31Capital expenditures / depreciation and amortizationCapexGBX 4.71BcapitalExpendituresD&AGBX 7.16BdepreciationAndAmortizationResult 0.66x GBX 2.34Tangible book / share · 2019-12-31(Total assets − goodwill − intangibles − liabilities) / sharesTotal assetsGBX 124.08BtotalAssetsGoodwillGBX 5.00BgoodWillIntangiblesGBX 2.01BintangibleAssetsLiabilitiesGBX 84.84BtotalLiabTangible bookGBX 32.23BShares13,776,565,000commonStockSharesOutstandingResult GBX 2.34 0.56xFixed-charge coverage · 2019-12-31(EBITDA − capex) / (interest + short-term debt)EBITDAGBX 9.98BebitdaCapexGBX 4.71BcapitalExpendituresInterestGBX 1.94BinterestExpenseShort-term debtGBX 7.49BshortLongTermDebtEBITDA − capexGBX 5.27BPrincipal due is the current portion of debt.Result 0.56x GBX 4.02BFree cash flow · 2019-12-31Reported free cash flowOperating cash flowGBX 8.73BtotalCashFromOperatingActivitiesCapexGBX 4.71BcapitalExpendituresFree cash flowGBX 4.02BfreeCashFlowFree cash flow is the amount reported on the cash-flow statement.Result GBX 4.02B —ROIC · 2019-12-31Operating income × (1 − tax rate) / (equity + debt − cash)Operating incomeGBX 1.85BoperatingIncomeTax expenseGBX 618.00MincomeTaxExpensePretax income-GBX 888.00MincomeBeforeTaxTax rate—EquityGBX 40.27BtotalStockholderEquityDebtGBX 37.04BshortLongTermDebtTotalCashGBX 1.90BcashInvested capitalGBX 75.42BROIC needs a positive pretax income so an effective tax rate can be calculated.Result — 0.03xEBIT / PP&E · 2019-12-31Operating income / net PP&EOperating incomeGBX 1.85BoperatingIncomeNet PP&EGBX 55.36BpropertyPlantEquipmentResult 0.03x
2020 59.3%Physical asset ratio · 2020-12-31(Net PP&E + inventory) / total assetsNet PP&EGBX 47.11BpropertyPlantEquipmentInventoryGBX 22.85BinventoryTotal assetsGBX 118.00BtotalAssetsResult 59.3% 3.02xFixed asset turnover · 2020-12-31Revenue / net PP&ERevenueGBX 142.34BtotalRevenueNet PP&EGBX 47.11BpropertyPlantEquipmentResult 3.02x 0.54xCapex / D&A · 2020-12-31Capital expenditures / depreciation and amortizationCapexGBX 3.57BcapitalExpendituresD&AGBX 6.67BdepreciationAndAmortizationResult 0.54x GBX 2.10Tangible book / share · 2020-12-31(Total assets − goodwill − intangibles − liabilities) / sharesTotal assetsGBX 118.00BtotalAssetsGoodwillGBX 5.00BgoodWillIntangiblesGBX 1.62BintangibleAssetsLiabilitiesGBX 83.60BtotalLiabTangible bookGBX 27.79BShares13,216,886,000commonStockSharesOutstandingResult GBX 2.10 -0.05xFixed-charge coverage · 2020-12-31(EBITDA − capex) / (interest + short-term debt)EBITDAGBX 3.13BebitdaCapexGBX 3.57BcapitalExpendituresInterestGBX 1.57BinterestExpenseShort-term debtGBX 7.74BshortLongTermDebtEBITDA − capex-GBX 441.00MPrincipal due is the current portion of debt.Result -0.05x -GBX 905.00MFree cash flow · 2020-12-31Reported free cash flowOperating cash flowGBX 2.66BtotalCashFromOperatingActivitiesCapexGBX 3.57BcapitalExpendituresFree cash flow-GBX 905.00MfreeCashFlowFree cash flow is the amount reported on the cash-flow statement.Result -GBX 905.00M —ROIC · 2020-12-31Operating income × (1 − tax rate) / (equity + debt − cash)Operating income-GBX 1.51BoperatingIncomeTax expense-GBX 1.17BincomeTaxExpensePretax income-GBX 5.12BincomeBeforeTaxTax rate—EquityGBX 37.64BtotalStockholderEquityDebtGBX 37.48BshortLongTermDebtTotalCashGBX 1.42BcashInvested capitalGBX 73.70BROIC needs a positive pretax income so an effective tax rate can be calculated.Result — -0.03xEBIT / PP&E · 2020-12-31Operating income / net PP&EOperating income-GBX 1.51BoperatingIncomeNet PP&EGBX 47.11BpropertyPlantEquipmentResult -0.03x
2021 56.1%Physical asset ratio · 2021-12-31(Net PP&E + inventory) / total assetsNet PP&EGBX 43.16BpropertyPlantEquipmentInventoryGBX 28.43BinventoryTotal assetsGBX 127.51BtotalAssetsResult 56.1% 4.72xFixed asset turnover · 2021-12-31Revenue / net PP&ERevenueGBX 203.75BtotalRevenueNet PP&EGBX 43.16BpropertyPlantEquipmentResult 4.72x 0.57xCapex / D&A · 2021-12-31Capital expenditures / depreciation and amortizationCapexGBX 3.62BcapitalExpendituresD&AGBX 6.34BdepreciationAndAmortizationResult 0.57x GBX 2.29Tangible book / share · 2021-12-31(Total assets − goodwill − intangibles − liabilities) / sharesTotal assetsGBX 127.51BtotalAssetsGoodwillGBX 5.00BgoodWillIntangiblesGBX 1.39BintangibleAssetsLiabilitiesGBX 90.59BtotalLiabTangible bookGBX 30.53BShares13,336,604,000commonStockSharesOutstandingResult GBX 2.29 1.43xFixed-charge coverage · 2021-12-31(EBITDA − capex) / (interest + short-term debt)EBITDAGBX 16.03BebitdaCapexGBX 3.62BcapitalExpendituresInterestGBX 1.35BinterestExpenseShort-term debtGBX 7.31BshortLongTermDebtEBITDA − capexGBX 12.41BPrincipal due is the current portion of debt.Result 1.43x GBX 5.24BFree cash flow · 2021-12-31Reported free cash flowOperating cash flowGBX 8.86BtotalCashFromOperatingActivitiesCapexGBX 3.62BcapitalExpendituresFree cash flowGBX 5.24BfreeCashFlowFree cash flow is the amount reported on the cash-flow statement.Result GBX 5.24B 6.1%ROIC · 2021-12-31Operating income × (1 − tax rate) / (equity + debt − cash)Operating incomeGBX 7.25BoperatingIncomeTax expenseGBX 3.03BincomeTaxExpensePretax incomeGBX 7.38BincomeBeforeTaxTax rate40.0%EquityGBX 39.93BtotalStockholderEquityDebtGBX 34.64BshortLongTermDebtTotalCashGBX 2.69BcashInvested capitalGBX 71.88BThe effective tax rate was above 40% and was capped at 40%.Result 6.1% 0.17xEBIT / PP&E · 2021-12-31Operating income / net PP&EOperating incomeGBX 7.25BoperatingIncomeNet PP&EGBX 43.16BpropertyPlantEquipmentResult 0.17x
2022 55.1%Physical asset ratio · 2022-12-31(Net PP&E + inventory) / total assetsNet PP&EGBX 39.56BpropertyPlantEquipmentInventoryGBX 33.46BinventoryTotal assetsGBX 132.58BtotalAssetsResult 55.1% 6.47xFixed asset turnover · 2022-12-31Revenue / net PP&ERevenueGBX 255.98BtotalRevenueNet PP&EGBX 39.56BpropertyPlantEquipmentResult 6.47x 0.60xCapex / D&A · 2022-12-31Capital expenditures / depreciation and amortizationCapexGBX 4.18BcapitalExpendituresD&AGBX 6.99BdepreciationAndAmortizationResult 0.60x GBX 2.96Tangible book / share · 2022-12-31(Total assets − goodwill − intangibles − liabilities) / sharesTotal assetsGBX 132.58BtotalAssetsGoodwillGBX 5.00BgoodWillIntangiblesGBX 1.31BintangibleAssetsLiabilitiesGBX 87.36BtotalLiabTangible bookGBX 38.91BShares13,140,758,000commonStockSharesOutstandingResult GBX 2.96 2.49xFixed-charge coverage · 2022-12-31(EBITDA − capex) / (interest + short-term debt)EBITDAGBX 32.23BebitdaCapexGBX 4.18BcapitalExpendituresInterestGBX 1.77BinterestExpenseShort-term debtGBX 9.48BshortLongTermDebtEBITDA − capexGBX 28.05BPrincipal due is the current portion of debt.Result 2.49x GBX 9.48BFree cash flow · 2022-12-31Reported free cash flowOperating cash flowGBX 13.66BtotalCashFromOperatingActivitiesCapexGBX 4.18BcapitalExpendituresFree cash flowGBX 9.48BfreeCashFlowFree cash flow is the amount reported on the cash-flow statement.Result GBX 9.48B 18.6%ROIC · 2022-12-31Operating income × (1 − tax rate) / (equity + debt − cash)Operating incomeGBX 19.69BoperatingIncomeTax expenseGBX 6.37BincomeTaxExpensePretax incomeGBX 22.88BincomeBeforeTaxTax rate27.8%EquityGBX 49.41BtotalStockholderEquityDebtGBX 28.78BshortLongTermDebtTotalCashGBX 1.97BcashAndShortTermInvestmentsInvested capitalGBX 76.21BResult 18.6% 0.50xEBIT / PP&E · 2022-12-31Operating income / net PP&EOperating incomeGBX 19.69BoperatingIncomeNet PP&EGBX 39.56BpropertyPlantEquipmentResult 0.50x
2023 57.2%Physical asset ratio · 2023-12-31(Net PP&E + inventory) / total assetsNet PP&EGBX 39.23BpropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetInventoryGBX 31.57BinventoryTotal assetsGBX 123.87BtotalAssetsResult 57.2% 5.55xFixed asset turnover · 2023-12-31Revenue / net PP&ERevenueGBX 217.83BtotalRevenueNet PP&EGBX 39.23BpropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetResult 5.55x 0.75xCapex / D&A · 2023-12-31Capital expenditures / depreciation and amortizationCapexGBX 4.48BcapitalExpendituresD&AGBX 5.98BdepreciationAndAmortizationResult 0.75x GBX 2.57Tangible book / share · 2023-12-31(Total assets − goodwill − intangibles − liabilities) / sharesTotal assetsGBX 123.87BtotalAssetsGoodwillGBX 5.00BgoodWillIntangiblesGBX 1.00BintangibleAssetsLiabilitiesGBX 85.63BtotalLiabTangible bookGBX 32.24BShares12,537,936,000commonStockSharesOutstandingResult GBX 2.57 0.79xFixed-charge coverage · 2023-12-31(EBITDA − capex) / (interest + short-term debt)EBITDAGBX 14.68BebitdaCapexGBX 4.48BcapitalExpendituresInterestGBX 2.52BinterestExpenseShort-term debtGBX 10.42BshortLongTermDebtEBITDA − capexGBX 10.20BPrincipal due is the current portion of debt.Result 0.79x GBX 6.55BFree cash flow · 2023-12-31Reported free cash flowOperating cash flowGBX 11.04BtotalCashFromOperatingActivitiesCapexGBX 4.48BcapitalExpendituresFree cash flowGBX 6.55BfreeCashFlowFree cash flow is the amount reported on the cash-flow statement.Result GBX 6.55B 7.1%ROIC · 2023-12-31Operating income × (1 − tax rate) / (equity + debt − cash)Operating incomeGBX 8.70BoperatingIncomeTax expenseGBX 2.21BincomeTaxExpensePretax incomeGBX 5.42BincomeBeforeTaxTax rate40.0%EquityGBX 43.58BtotalStockholderEquityDebtGBX 32.24BshortLongTermDebtTotalCashGBX 1.95BcashAndShortTermInvestmentsInvested capitalGBX 73.88BThe effective tax rate was above 40% and was capped at 40%.Result 7.1% 0.22xEBIT / PP&E · 2023-12-31Operating income / net PP&EOperating incomeGBX 8.70BoperatingIncomeNet PP&EGBX 39.23BpropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetResult 0.22x
2024 61.2%Physical asset ratio · 2024-12-31(Net PP&E + inventory) / total assetsNet PP&EGBX 50.21BpropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetInventoryGBX 29.58BinventoryTotal assetsGBX 130.46BtotalAssetsResult 61.2% 4.60xFixed asset turnover · 2024-12-31Revenue / net PP&ERevenueGBX 230.94BtotalRevenueNet PP&EGBX 50.21BpropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetResult 4.60x 0.85xCapex / D&A · 2024-12-31Capital expenditures / depreciation and amortizationCapexGBX 5.61BcapitalExpendituresD&AGBX 6.60BdepreciationAndAmortizationResult 0.85x GBX 2.43Tangible book / share · 2024-12-31(Total assets − goodwill − intangibles − liabilities) / sharesTotal assetsGBX 130.46BtotalAssetsGoodwillGBX 5.00BgoodWillIntangiblesGBX 1.08BintangibleAssetsLiabilitiesGBX 94.80BtotalLiabTangible bookGBX 29.58BShares12,154,483,000commonStockSharesOutstandingResult GBX 2.43 0.29xFixed-charge coverage · 2024-12-31(EBITDA − capex) / (interest + short-term debt)EBITDAGBX 9.93BebitdaCapexGBX 5.61BcapitalExpendituresInterestGBX 2.92BinterestExpenseShort-term debtGBX 12.23BshortLongTermDebtEBITDA − capexGBX 4.32BPrincipal due is the current portion of debt.Result 0.29x GBX 4.44BFree cash flow · 2024-12-31Reported free cash flowOperating cash flowGBX 10.06BtotalCashFromOperatingActivitiesCapexGBX 5.61BcapitalExpendituresFree cash flowGBX 4.44BfreeCashFlowFree cash flow is the amount reported on the cash-flow statement.Result GBX 4.44B —ROIC · 2024-12-31Operating income × (1 − tax rate) / (equity + debt − cash)Operating incomeGBX 4.07BoperatingIncomeTax expenseGBX 1.70BincomeTaxExpensePretax income-GBX 998.00MincomeBeforeTaxTax rate—EquityGBX 40.67BtotalStockholderEquityDebtGBX 38.11BshortLongTermDebtTotalCashGBX 2.17BcashInvested capitalGBX 76.61BROIC needs a positive pretax income so an effective tax rate can be calculated.Result — 0.08xEBIT / PP&E · 2024-12-31Operating income / net PP&EOperating incomeGBX 4.07BoperatingIncomeNet PP&EGBX 50.21BpropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetResult 0.08x
2025 57.4%Physical asset ratio · 2025-12-31(Net PP&E + inventory) / total assetsNet PP&EGBX 48.75BpropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetInventoryGBX 32.89BinventoryTotal assetsGBX 142.25BtotalAssetsResult 57.4% 5.08xFixed asset turnover · 2025-12-31Revenue / net PP&ERevenueGBX 247.54BtotalRevenueNet PP&EGBX 48.75BpropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetResult 5.08x 0.89xCapex / D&A · 2025-12-31Capital expenditures / depreciation and amortizationCapexGBX 6.06BcapitalExpendituresD&AGBX 6.77BdepreciationAndAmortizationResult 0.89x GBX 2.31Tangible book / share · 2025-12-31(Total assets − goodwill − intangibles − liabilities) / sharesTotal assetsGBX 142.25BtotalAssetsGoodwillGBX 5.00BgoodWillIntangiblesGBX 770.28MintangibleAssetsLiabilitiesGBX 108.63BtotalLiabTangible bookGBX 27.85BShares12,061,048,000commonStockSharesOutstandingResult GBX 2.31 0.27xFixed-charge coverage · 2025-12-31(EBITDA − capex) / (interest + short-term debt)EBITDAGBX 10.52BebitdaCapexGBX 6.06BcapitalExpendituresInterestGBX 2.62BinterestExpenseShort-term debtGBX 13.85BshortLongTermDebtEBITDA − capexGBX 4.47BPrincipal due is the current portion of debt.Result 0.27x GBX 395.12MFree cash flow · 2025-12-31Reported free cash flowOperating cash flowGBX 6.45BtotalCashFromOperatingActivitiesCapexGBX 6.06BcapitalExpendituresFree cash flowGBX 395.12MfreeCashFlowFree cash flow is the amount reported on the cash-flow statement.Result GBX 395.12M 2.2%ROIC · 2025-12-31Operating income × (1 − tax rate) / (equity + debt − cash)Operating incomeGBX 2.87BoperatingIncomeTax expenseGBX 205.22MincomeTaxExpensePretax incomeGBX 321.00MincomeBeforeTaxTax rate40.0%EquityGBX 38.87BtotalStockholderEquityDebtGBX 41.49BshortLongTermDebtTotalCashGBX 2.95BcashInvested capitalGBX 77.41BThe effective tax rate was above 40% and was capped at 40%.Result 2.2% 0.06xEBIT / PP&E · 2025-12-31Operating income / net PP&EOperating incomeGBX 2.87BoperatingIncomeNet PP&EGBX 48.75BpropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetResult 0.06x
  • Principal due is the current portion of debt.
  • The effective tax rate was above 40% and was capped at 40% for ROIC.
Latest year inputs (2025)
Net PP&E: GBX 48.75B
Inventory: GBX 32.89B
Total assets: GBX 142.25B
Goodwill: GBX 5.00B
Intangibles: GBX 770.28M
Liabilities: GBX 108.63B
Tangible book: GBX 27.85B
Shares: 12,061,048,000
Revenue: GBX 247.54B
Capex: GBX 6.06B
D&A: GBX 6.77B
EBITDA: GBX 10.52B
Interest: GBX 2.62B
Short-term debt: GBX 13.85B
Free cash flow: GBX 395.12M
Operating income: GBX 2.87B
Invested capital: GBX 77.41B
Tax rate: 40.0%